First the client represented by a laptop connects to the internet, via a wireless network connection(in the figure above). Which is a non-physical connection, where by data transmission between the client and the wireless router takes place by way of the use of radio waves as a medium with which to transmit and receive. The other type of connection is a physical link where an actual wire connects to a router and is then connected to the internet using similar means to accomplish the same goal.
With different transmission media, comes different bandwidth and different pros and cons. Fiber optic though expensive and difficult to install and maintain, has the best possible bandwidth allowing many Gigabytes of data to be transmitted at literally the speed of light. Wireless, though convenient and reliable is easily hacked and or capable or being eavesdropped upon allowing for serious security issues. Wired using coaxial or twisted pair is more secure although the bandwidth for each is different and reduced.
Regardless of the transmission media, there are specific input output data transmission protocols which are used while connecting to and maintaining a network connection.
From the router, an internet connection is maintained by an ISP or internet service provider, where for a monthly fee end users gain high-speed access the World Wide Web. The Internet hub as depicted after the wired link often fiber optic cabling (not wire) links the wired or wireless router to the internet and beyond. From there the client can access a secured or unsecured server represented by the last server box at the end of the diagram. When this happens as represented by the top curved arrow the client requests information or an action of the server and the server responds to the request represented by the bottom curved arrow.
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